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The romantic architecture
The architectonic neoclassicism did not last one long. It was replaced by
numerous imitations of historical styles that followed one another quickly:
gothic, Renaissance, baroque, all in the diverse varieties. Rare time they were
pronounced pure and almost always the learned isolated elements in the
architecture schools were used of arbitrary way. The literary romanticism evokes
the spirit of the average age, and at the same time that discovered the past
medieval in the old cities, woke up the interest by the gothic architecture,
presenting/displaying it like own style in contrast to the enthusiasm by the
Greco-roman antiquity. Medieval buildings were finished whose construction had
been interrupted, like, for example in Germany the cathedrals of Colony and Ulm.
The restoration lived a period on intense activity, and not only churches rose
in gothic style, but also civil buildings, among them iron stations. The
medievalism of the romantic time did not constitute single a reaction against
the rigidness of the coldness of the Classical Art. One of the deepest meanings
is the one of the protest of the towns of the North, in special, England and
Germany, against the dominion of the Mediterranean art. As much in England as in
Germany, the Nordic particulars had never grown totally to the suggestion of the
meridional. In tactical mission of England, in spite of the centuries of
Renaissance and of the remarkable influence of the work of Palladium, certain
forms of the gothic architecture maintained an exceptional survival. Thus, for
example, in the heat of century XVIII, Horace Walpole raised in gothic style its
residence of Strawberry Hill, at the end of the same century James Wyatt
constructed, also the gothic one, the castle of Fronthill Abbey. Wyatt was also
dedicated to the medieval monument restoration, like the castle of Windsor.
Charles Barry is, perhaps, the important figure but of all the neogothic
architecture. With him he collaborated, in the project for the palace of the
British Parliament of Westminster, Augustus Pugin, son of a French decorator who
had projected the gothic furniture of Windsor.
The mentioned project gained the aid summoned to the effect
and the palace was built, with abundance of resources between 1840 and 1850. Of
a great monumentally, yergue to borders of the Thames with faschada of 285
meters in length, behind which towers raise that almost reach the one hundred
meters of height. Inspired by the perpendicular style of the neighboring chapel
of Eduardo VII, it offers the plastic power of his insistent and singsong,
similar rate to the one of a classic calumniate. The architecture Of CENTURY
XIX. It appears urbanism, to draw up new cities. There are two styles
fundamentally; by a side we have the modernism on the other hand and this
engineery, that is characterized this I complete by the use of the iron, the
crystal and the concrete. Architectonic movements: Urban frame: The architecture
finds enough I stimulate within the cities, rise fast, cheap constructions, with
high altitude in vertical sense. The new cities are characterized: by the
separation of the two social classes (bourgeois and working); interest by the
streets, more than by the buildings; importance of the green zones (gardens) and
you make them. The most important city planners are: Hussman: in Paris.
Extension of Paris, great wide avenues, gardens, sources, the avenues are
crossed. As example we have the great Avenue of Hussman. Also in Brussels,
Vienna, Florence, London and Spain (Madrid = Carlos Mª de Castro. Barcelona =
Ildefonso Bristle. San Sebastian = are rational extensions but). Carlos Mª de
Castro: in Madrid. Streets in draw into squares; great zones you publish
(quarters, hospitals); great gardens; they leave the old helmet but with
communication by Avenues intact. Ildefonso Bristle: in Barcelona. Great
perpendicular routes, but with two great diagonals that cross the city, crossing
themselves both in the center or seat. Arturo Soria: it adopts a different
system. Linear city = great extended street and all the houses around her, with
street cars; it tried to conciliate (to unite), but profit not to make it, a
section between the highway of Aragon and the Pine of Chamartín single.
The romanticism influences in the architecture (stations of
trains, banks). New buildings to the architectonic design, taste by the colorful
thing, exotic and the legendary thing. Historicisms: Movement that tries the
resurrection of old styles with the new style. The styles are: Egyptian Style:
brought by Napoleon. Style Neoindio: England, "Real Pavilion of Brighton" (to
see photo of the right), its author is J. Nash, are used columns, beams and
railings of strained iron. Chinese Style: one spreads in very early dates, being
used in small pavilions (kiosks and pagodas), that invaded the gardens "to the
English". Sometimes their forms mix with gothic and these with the Neoárabe,
giving rise to architectonic hybrids. Style Neoárabe: (especially in Spain)
bullrings, synagogues. Neogothic Style: "Parliament of London "de Charles Barry,
with pinnacles, drawn into squares in the center, a tower with swelling up.
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