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Architecture of inter-war.
Three groups of artists, followed as a result of World War I, would influence
decisively in the architecture that of was going to be developed during the
preceding years to the second great conflagration: constructivism, Of Stijl
Bauhaus. The Constructivism: The artistic movement known with the constructivism
name began in Moscow shortly after the first war. Nahum Gabo and Antoine
Prevsner. Both sent in 1920 a "realistic Manifesto" in which they explained the
ideas of the constructivism. To this movement other Russian artists adhered
worldwide and had their origin in works and theories of the sculptors brothers
like Vladimir Tatlin, Kasimir Malevich and the Lissitzky. The constructivism
resigned to the aesthetic one of of the mass, replacing it by aesthetic of lines
and the planes. It affected all the plastic arts, but starting off mainly of the
sculpture. The interpreted plastic as integration of several elements
corresponds systematically to the constructions of the architecture. This
movement repeatedly has been related to the cubism. Also the constructivista art
presented/displayed simple relations of geometric forms, to which all the
natural forms can be reduced, according to the statement of Cazánne painter of
which, in the nature, everything comes near to the sphere, the cone or the
cylinder. However, in the architecture the constructivism can be considered like
a part of the functionalism that left the decoration fitting itself to the
construction and in that the aesthetic effect only comes dice by the relation
mass-space. In 1922 the constructivista International taken by
the Lissitzky took place upon maturity and the Dutch Theo van Doesburg that the
importance of the machinery in the structure of the construction would proclaim.
A series of works can be mentioned like examples of the constructivism. In 1920
Vladimir Tatlin it presented/displayed in Moscow his project for a monument to
III the International. One was a construction in spiral with free steel props,
that the same could be attributed to the architecture that to the sculpture.
Many of the interesting projects of the constructivism were in this state. They
appear among them the sketch for the building of the newspaper "Prawda", in
Leningrad (1923), by the brothers Alexander and Vladimir Vesmin; the project "Estiranubes"
(1924) of the Lissitzky and Mart Stam or sketch of a block of offices on immense
pillars whose stirrups extend on the street. It is possible to also mention the
"suprimatistas architectures" of painter Kasimir Malevich; they are
plastic-architectonic constructions of wood, with which his author forms simple
buckets. Malevich gave the suprematismo name to the art of the pure abstraction. |
