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Greek architecture. The
creto-micénica architecture: the cretense palaces and the micénics constructions
of military, urban and funeral character represent it fundamentally. The
cretense palace offers a complicated set to us of dependencies that are
developed labyrinth around a patio, are adinteladas constructions, sometimes of
two floors, that use as supports pillars As much the supports as the walls of
the houses are covered with paintings. The palaces of Knossos, Faistos and Hagia
Triad are characteristic. The Greek architecture: The Greek architecture
fundamentally is represented by the temples, which are constructed according to
principles or norms, that constitute the architectonic orders or styles. They
are the two classic styles, the Doric and the jonick, that respond to the two
roots of the Greek art, doria and jonia, the first plus in relation to the
cultures of European metals, and jonia with Smaller Asia. In century V corintio
is already added to the order and, later, in the heat of Hellenistic period
appears the compound capital. The Doric style extends fundamentally by Greece
and Cicilia. It has his origin in the constructions of wood, whose forms doze
off to the stone. It is characterized by the column of fluted Fuste, with alive
edges, without base; capital formed by collaring, equine and square abacus; and
entablement that is divided in three strips, the architrave, smooth; frisk with
tríglifo that respond to the heads of the cross-sectional beams in the
constructions of wood and among them metopas, smooth or decorated, that
primitively served to cover the hollows between the heads of the beams; and
finishing off the entablement, the salient cornice, with small taquitos or
mútulos.
The Jonick style, original of Smaller Asia offers proportions
more to us esbeltas. The size of the columns responds to a proportion or canon,
taking like module or unit of measurement, the diameter of the Fuste in its
base, of equal way that in the sculpture takes the size from the head like
module for the ideal representation of the human body. The temples rise on
launching slips (krepis, whose last step is the estibolato), and according to
its characteristics they receive diverse denominations, of which the main ones
are the following ones: * hipétro (without ceiling), * próstile (with porch with
columns), * in antis (when the walls of cella or naos advance until the front),
* amphiprostyle (with porch ahead and back), * periphery (surrounded by
columns), * pseudo periphery (with columns leaned in the sides), * áptero
(without columns), *monóptero (circular), *tetrástilo (with four columns in
front), *hexástilo (with six columns), *octóstile (with eight columns), *decástilo
(with ten columns). The Greek architecture is developed fundamentally around the
sanctuaries. The main ones are those of Olympia, Delfos, Athens, Eleusis, Delos,
Epidauro, Mileto, and Efeso; and in Cicilia, Selinonte. Between all they excel
those of Olympia, Delfos, and singularly, the one of the Acropolis of Athens,
where the temples most characteristic of the Greek art were elevated. These are
the Parthenon, of Doric order; and the jonick, the Erecteión, with the famous
tribune of caryatids, and the one of the apteral Victory. |
