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In their beginnings, the used materials were marinates for the walls and
the wood for the columns. But as of century VII a. c. (archaic period), these
were replaced by the stone, which allowed the aggregate of a new row of columns
in the outside (peristilo), and with which the construction won in
monumentality. Then the first architectonic orders arose: the "Doric", to the
south, in the coasts of the Peloponnesian and the "jonick", to the east. The
dórics temples were rather low and massive. The heavy columns lacked base and
the Fuste was channeled. The capital, very simple, finished in a called molding
equine. The columns maintained an entablement (system of cornices) made up of an
architrave (inferior zone) and frisk of tríglifo (channeled decoration) and
metopas. The jonick construction, of greater dimensions, rested on one double
row of columns, something more streamlined, of Fuste also channeled and with a
solid plinth. The capital culminated in two graceful scrolls and the frisks were
scenery with relieves. More ahead, in the classic period (centuries V and IV to
C.), the Greek architecture arrived at its maximum apogee. To both orders
already known "corintio" was added, with its typical capital finished in leaves
of a canto. The forms were styled still more and one-third row of columns was
added. The Parthenon of Athens is the clearest illustration of this shining
Greek architectonic period. In the days of the Greek domination (century III to
C.) the construction, that conserved the basic forms of the classicism, reached
the maximum point of the fastuosity. Columns of capitals rich ornados maintained
frisks worked in relief of elegance and invoices insurmountable. |
