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Rubblework. TYPES OF STRUCTURAL
MAMPOSTERIA.
1) Rubblework of block of vertical perforation:
• Through its vertical cells the steel of reinforcement to flexion is placed and
soon they fill up with mortar. • The horizontal reinforcement is placed between
the meetings in the mortar of sticks and units or special blocks that conform a
species of intermediate beam to resist sharp efforts. • Usually, in cells no
occupied by the vertical reinforcement, the vertical tubes of electrical
systems, hydraulic and sanitary are placed. The blocks can be of cooked clay,
concrete, or material silica-calcareous, with wide of 10, 15 or 20 cms, length
of 20, 30 or 40 cms and height of 10, 15 or 20 cms. These dimensions are given
with the intention of modulating the walls and their unions.
With the blocks of vertical perforation it is possible to be designed and
to be constructed, according to NSR 98, three types of Rubblework: a) Reinforced
rubblework, b) Rubblework Partially Reinforced, c) Rubblework no Reinforced.
Note: These three types of construction are different by the minimum quantities
of vertical and horizontal reinforcement, because depending on them and the
amount of stuffed cells, its Capacity of Dissipation of Energy in the Inelastic
Rank, is Especial (DES), Moderate (DMO) or Minimal (DMI). As well, NSR -98
limits the use of each type of rubblework in the diverse zones of Seismic
Threat, according to their capacity of Dissipation of Energy in the Inelastic
Rank. I consider at this moment important to define the term of Capacity of
Dissipation of Energy in the Inelastic Rank, as much importance in the NSR-98:
"It is the capacity that has a structural system, a structural element, or a
structural section, to work within the Inelastic rank of answer without losing
its resistance".
2) Rubblework of Reinforced Cavity: It is the construction made with two walls
of rubblework units, placed in parallel, with or without reinforcement,
separated by a reinforced continuous space of concrete. The operation of the
system is compound, is to say that as much the reinforced inner wall of concrete
like the lateral ones of rubblework, contributes resistance to the forces
supported by the structure. The requirements of design, materials and
construction, are contained in the D.6 Chapter of the NSR-98. 3) Rubblework of
confined walls: It is the construction with base in united rubblework pieces
with mortar, whose main reinforcement is given by elements of concrete
reinforced (beams and columns) constructed in the edges of the wall. These
elements of concrete reinforced take care of all the tractive forces (flexions)
and the part of the sharp efforts that the rubblework wall does not resist.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STRUCTURAL RUBBLEWORK OF BLOCK OF VERTICAL
PERFORATION. After the conceptual introduction and of the statement of the
types of structural rubblework as well as of its components, we enter a
description of the characteristics and limitants of the rubblework system more
commonly used in our means, are to say the block of vertical perforation. Let us
initiate by the statement of the limitants characteristics, bad negative calls.
They must as much be considered by the architect as by the constructor: a) It is
required sufficient and balanced amount and length of walls in the two-way
traffic orthogonal ones of the building, to obtain sufficient rigidity in both
senses (they cannot differ in more from 20%). b) As most of the walls is
structural, that is to say, they support and they transmit vertical loads and
horizontal forces, they are unremovable, that is to say, it is not allowed who
once finished the construction are removed a wall to unite two nears space. They
do not have either to be haggled to place installation pipes. c) In general it
is preferred to project short distances between adjacent walls, to design
economic plates of entraps, of fast and simple execution, commonly
prefabricated. d) It requires an important amount of personnel moderately
described (official type of construction), in individual for the construction of
the rubblework.
e) Its combination with other flexible structural systems is not advisable so
that it is the behavior combined under earthquakes forces to have precautions of
high cost.
f) Can be unstable when by accident or ignorance retires a lifting wall in some
floor, or a plate is affected entraps. g) By I complete, but perhaps the most
important aspect, requires permanent Technical Supervision, since every minute
of the day this being constructed STRUCTURE, and each element that is placed is
fundamental part of her: the block of vertical perforation, the mortar of beats,
the horizontal reinforcement, the connectors between walls, the cleaning of
cells, the vertical reinforcement, the filling mortar, in aim all the components
are structural. Recognized the limitants characteristics, the positive qualities
of the structural rubblework with block of vertical perforation are enunciated
next: a) Low cost of construction, when it is applied in projects that recognize
and they benefit from his own limitants. b) High speed of construction. c) Like
any other structural system, when either it is designed and or constructed, he
is stable and able to support the design loads during his anticipated life
utility. d) Few types of materials. e) High generation of use. f) Obligate to
have perfect coordination and definition of architectonic, structural planes,
and of facilities, since it is not possible to be broken the structural walls to
place tubes. |
