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Topography. TOPOGRAPHY APPLIED To
The ROAD CONSTRUCTION. In the study, elaboration and execution of any
project of work Engineering that has like seat the Earth surface, it is
necessary the use of the Topography. 1º In the elaboration of the area destined
for the work. The terrain featureses are the guide of the Architect, for the
best distribution and location of the work, in their functional and ornamentals
aspects; and of the Engineer to obtain the greater rigidity, stability and
security of this one. One talks about the topographical survey of the zone. 2º
In the Geometry of the project, where they tie in analytical form, the different
center lines from the work, between if same and with fixed elements of the land,
(permanent points) with aims of its later reframing. 3º In the reframing, by
means of which the different parts from the work are located in the land, in the
indicated relative positions in the project. For the construction of a highway
it is necessary to happen through the following stages: a) Planning b) First
draft c) Project d) Construction. Parts of these stages exist that I know obtain
with the aid of the Topography, which are: a) Study of routes b) Study of layout
c) First draft. d) Project. The Study of the routes is the preliminary process
of storing of data and recognition of field, fact with the purpose of selecting
the study strip that reunites the optimal conditions for the unfolding of the
layout. In this stage information is obtained, are elaborated sketch, the
preliminary recognitions take place and the routes are evaluated. The Study of
the layout consists of meticulously recognizing in the field each one of the
selected routes. Thus additional information is obtained on the tributes that
offer each one of these routes and they are located in them the line to the
lines corresponding to possible layouts in the highway. To the First draft the
line pays attention to the planes that better fulfills the planimetric
requirements and topographical taxes to the route. In this stage they are
elaborated flat by aerial means or terrestrial and the line attempt of the axis
settles down.
The Project is the process of location of the axis of the route, its reframing
of the layout and its adjacent areas, establishment of the drainage systems,
estimation of the amounts of works to execute and writing of the information and
memories that must accompany the planes. During each one of the stages of the
construction of the route, many factors are taken into account, between such is
the Earthwork, which is one of most important, by the economic weight that it
has in the budget. The earthwork includes all those activities of necessary
excavation and filling for the construction of the highway. |
