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Work supervision in the
construction. THE ARCHITECTONIC PROJECT. The supervisor when
receiving in his hands the project, will have to analyze it carefully, taking
beforehand the following criteria like departure point: I reach, economic
purpose of the work, limitants, of time, technical and human, physical resources
(land). Once defined these antecedents the majorities of the planes studied
mainly emphasizing the datum points that bound planes to us with others, when
each set of planes were elaborated by different companies. Another important
element that the supervisor must consider is he I catalogue of specifications
that will have to review carefully, since on its observance the correct
accomplishment of the work depends and on the other hand it constitutes a base
to contract facilities, materials and equipment, as well as for the analysis of
cost and programming since it specifies to detail the procedures, materials and
necessary equipment to us.
SETTLEMENT OF WORK TO THE CONTRACTOR. In order to make the settlement, the
supervision it will have: To elaborate and to authorize the liquidation of the
executed works. To state the completion of the works object of the contract and
to participate in its Reception- delivers. To certify the fulfillment of all the
contractual commitments or to provide to the Residence the judgment elements
that allow to apply him in their case, the corresponding contractual sanctions.
To express request of the Residence to state that the countable state
corresponding to the exercise of the work contract has been purified. Including
the positions by provisions provided by the dependency. To elaborate the
relation of estimations or approved expenses exerted amount, credits, positions
and balances. To verify the reintegration to the dependency of the provisions
property of the same one, those have not been used in work. G) To successfully
obtain the guarantees corresponding to instructive equipment of permanent
installation and their corresponding ones to be given to the residence.
WORK RECEPTION And DELIVERY. Once the contractor has communicated to the
Residence the completion of the works that were entrusted to him, the
supervision was in charge of: To attend the routes of work reception with the
contractor and to give to the beneficiaries of the same one, programmed by the
residence and to carry out the revisions necessary for the partial receptions
and to state the completion of the totality of the works that were entrusted the
contractor to him, including the tests and operation of the equipment of
permanent installation. Jointly with the Residence and the Contractor to make a
rise of the missing or pending details correct, indicating its location, number
and characteristics, demanding to the contractor the completion of the works.
Once finished the missing details and verified the satisfactory behavior of the
facilities and equipment, to participate in the physical reception of the works
of the contractor and it gives from the residence to the beneficiaries. In the
date that indicates the residence to participate in the rise of acts of partial
reception or final, whose content will follow the lineaments that stops such
case indicates the Regulation of the Work Law You publish.
SETTLEMENT OF THE SERVICES OF THE SUPERVISION. Once received the work by the
dependency, the supervision will carry out the following activities to settle
its services: To give to the dependency the documentation that endorses its
performance: report of work completion, settlements acts of reception-gives, to
licenses and permissions, inventories of facilities, balance of provisions done
by the dependency, manual and instructive. To give to the residence the
referring rises to the update of the project: Adjustments, modifications and
cancellations. To present/display an appreciation of the technical, economic and
administrative capacity of the contractor. To integrate the memory of the work.
When the mentioned documentation has been received to satisfaction of the
residence, this will come to elaborate the act of settlement of the services of
the supervision.
Design of Structures for the Architecture. AXIAL LOAD. The pure compression is
what we know like "axial load", is to say a force that is exactly applied to a
structural member in coincidence with its centroide or main axis. In this case
the tendency of the element is to shrink until failing; that is to say, I spread
desquebraja in the applied direction of the strike. But in the reality, this
never happens, by two circumstances. In the first place, because the axes or
centroide of the load, and the resistant element never agree, in view of which
the constructive process of the elements or of assembly of these, can be
described like quite imperfect. Secondly, because a subject to compression like
a column, hardly this single one element, always this interacting with other
constructive elements, that when working like system, transmit bending stress to
him. The simple fact that the load axes do not agree, produces necessarily a
little while of I turn around, that cause what we know like buckling. Although
this one last one depends not solely on the eccentricities of the load with
respect to the resistant element, but also with respect to the slenderness ratio
of the member. That is to say, between greater it is the length of the element
with respect to his wide one; greater it is the possibility that this element
undergoes buckling, or what we know like local buckling.
Articulated pavement. ARTICULATED PAVEMENT. For their execution the
following stages will be followed. Construction. The subgrazing one must have a
homogenous, free composition of organic matter and the necessary thing will be
compacted to provide a uniform support to the pavement. To the subgrazing one
the specified geometric characteristics for the paving stone surface will occur
him (profiles), so that as much the base as the sand layer can be placed each
one with a uniform thickness in all the area of the pavement and to obtain in
the surface of this one, the specified profiles. Base. Stabilized bases of
granular material, grounds will be able to be used or concrete poor man. The
bases of granular material will fulfill the requirements established for the
bases in these norms. The other types of bases will accept the requirements
specified by the designer of each specific project. Handling. The following
indications will be followed: The sand will be stored of way that can be handled
without which it is contaminated and it will be protected of the rain for which
the humidity content is uniform. Before placing it the sufficient thing will be
revolver to obtain its homogeneity. He is advisable to pass it through the sieve
or screen so that it is loose and at the same time can be retired to him on
sizes. Since when it is sifted until the positioning of paving stones on the
sand layer already conformed, this will not undergo no process of located
compaction, to guarantee therefore the uniform density of all the layer.
Positioning. The sand layer will be placed with a uniform thickness in all the
area of the pavement and it will extend with the paving stone layer. It will not
be allowed to place paving stones on an extended sand layer the previous day, or
that him has fallen rain, which will imply to have to raise it, to give back it
to the zone of storage and to replace it by sand new or processing, uniforms and
loose.
For their positioning three (3) rules will be used, two (2)
as rails put directly on the base and other to level the sand previously
distributed between rails. The rules will be of a material one it last and
stable, that its rigidity guarantees. The loose thickness of the sand layer and
therefore the height of rails will be so that, once finished the pavement, the
compacted sand base has a thickness between 30 and 40 mm (3 and 4 cm.), which
can be verified in a small section of test. Generally a loose thickness of 50 mm
(5 cm.) it is suitable. He is advisable to handle rules of three (3) meters that
provide a sufficiently ample zone of work, those that simultaneously they serve
to verify the tolerances of the level of the subgrazing one, of the base and
paving stones. Commonly wood sections or aluminum hollow profiles of 50 xs are
used 100 mm (5 xs 10 cm.); it is preferred to use a section of 50 xs 100 mm and
not of 50 xs 50 mm, with the purpose of improving the rigidity of the rules
specially when they are going away to use like levels. Once leveled the sand
layer the rails will be able to be retired, and the track left by these will
fill by manual methods, with the same sand until reaching the same level of the
rest of the layer. If the sand already placed undergoes some type of compaction
will occur several last ones him with a rake to give back the freeing to him and
it will be leveled again. |
