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Metallurgy.
Steels. They are ductile, malleable metals and wieldable, very
hard. Heating them and chilling them quickly, they are tempered, being done
harder, more elastic and resistant, but more fragile. They contain from 3 to 5
for thousand of carbon; the melting point oscillates around the 1400° C
enlarging the proportion of the carbon in the content.
The proceonvertidor based on the one of Bessemer, replacing the acid inner
coating by one basic one formed by dolomita (carbonate of lime and magnesium).
With this procedure the phosphorus is eliminated with dregs, under the lime
phosphate form. The necessary lime can provide it the coating, and it is
added to the liquid bath like reagent. Procedure Martin Siemens. It consists of
fusing the steel by cast iron fusion (gross ingot iron), with waste of sweet
iron, diminishing therefore the amount of carbon to eliminate. The furnace is
the call to reverberation, in which the bucket is had with acid or basic bricks,
according to the nature of the ingot to treat; in his bottom it has an opening
for the drain or tap. In these furnaces the temperature is elevated in economic
form, because they consist of four cameras that have a refractory brick grating.
As the two cameras of the left, for example, are heated with exit gases, the
gaseous fuel and the air penetrate through the cameras of the right already
heated; this way very high temperatures are reached. Sary the direct and indirect costs for the correct execution of the
activity. |
