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The cement
Unlike plaster and the lime, rare times the single cement, kneaded is used with
water and forming a pure paste. Its own use is, in combination of other
materials, the preparation of conglomerates, specially armed concrete mortars
and. Kneaded with water, the cement forges, and hardens so much in the air as
submerged in water. One treats, therefore, of a hydraulic conglomerate par
excellence. One first division of the different varieties from cement settles
down between natural cements and artificial cements.
Types of artificial cements:
Portland Cement: It is of dark gray color and is known like "CP", he is economic
and the one of greater use. They are hydraulic cements composed mainly of
hydraulic calcium silicate, that is to say, they set and they harden when
reacting chemically with the water. In the course of this reaction, denominated
hidratatión, the cement is combined with the water to form a paste and when sand
is added him and burdens, it forms what it is known as "concrete". Commonly one
is in the provisions of packaged construction equipments in coats of 50 kg; that
is, approximately 40 product Ls. Each coat takes denomination "CP" followed of 2
numbers (example: 250/315) that indicates the class characterizing their
resistance of 7 days and 18 days of setting. It is more the frequently used
hydraulic cement, whose composition includes approximately 95% of clinker and 5%
of plaster (or some other component).
• Iron and steel cements
• Puzolánicos cements
• Cements of addition
• Aluminous cements
Mortars
In construction to the mortar name of to a mixture of one or two conglomerates
and sand occur. Kneaded with water, the mixture gives raise to a plastic or
fluid paste that later sets and hardens as a result of chemical processes that
in her take place. Mortar adheres to the more or less irregular surfaces of
bricks or blocks and gives to the certain set compactness and compressive
strength. Mortars are denominated according to the used conglomerate: plaster or
lime mortar. Those in which two conglomerates take part receive the bastard
mortar name.
Layings of foundations the laying of foundations is the structural part of the
building, ordered to transmit the loads to the land, which is the only element
that we cannot choose, reason why the laying of foundations we will make it
based on the same one. At the same time this is not everything to the same depth
reason why that will be another reason that influences to us in the decision of
the election of the suitable laying of foundations.
CLASSIFICATION
The Layings of foundations are classified:
- Superficial Layings of foundations
- Deep Layings of foundations
- Special Layings of foundations
The superficial Layings of foundations include the shoes in general and slabs of
lying of foundations. The different types from superficial lying of foundations
depend on the loads that on them remake:
Precise: Isolated shoes
Linear: In excess shoes
Superficials: Loses de cementation |
